I would first yield to experience. If the mod was a mod before me (for example, if both Caleb and I were mods) I would trust his judgement over mine. I would then use the opportunity to learn from him. However, inevitably, I would eventually consider myself equal with all the mods. I would definitely not confront another mod publicly about a particular moderator action. Privately, though, I would ask him to justify the action and give me sound reasoning. If we still disagreed and I thought it was important enough, I would involve the other mods. Presumably, the majority of the mods would then make the decision to keep the action in place or undo it. If it is something that keeps coming up then we should make it public and post on meta. We as mods serve the community and our disagreement is only evidence of an area where the community has not spoken.
8. What are the top two or three challenges facing the site as it moves forward, and what do you plan to do to address them? (If applicable: what have you already done about them?)
As the site grows more casual questions and answer from googlers will come in (are coming in). Usually, those posts stink. For questions, you really only have a few options. Comment and explain and vtc. For answers you really only have one option. Comment. I regularly perform review tasks and try to encourage new users that seem like they might be good for the site and ignore and flag users that do not.
9. Why do you want to be a moderator? It is time consuming, frustrating, and not very rewarding. What is your motivation to take this thankless job?
At the time of the nominations there were a few users who were vocal about their lack of faith in the current mods. Although I don't really want to be a mod at this moment, I do think that I would make a good substitute if the current mods are not elected. I would serve the community wholeheartedly. I would dedicate my actions on this site to the success of this site.
10. How would you handle a non-minor disagreement (not something that can be ignored as "personal preference," "could go either way," etc) with the action or inaction of another moderator?
This is almost exact duplicate as number 2. vtc.